영어를 영어답게 말하는법, 동사구(Phrasal verb) 활용하기

미드나 영화를 보다보면, 다 아는 단어로 말하는데도, 가끔 의미를 이해하기 어려웠던 적이 있나요? 그랬다면 그건 아마도 동사구에 대해 친숙하지 않아서 일지 모릅니다. 영어에는 3000개정도의 phrasal verbs가 있다고 합니다. 그러나 실제로 많이 쓰이는 건 150여개이며, 이것만 알면 나머지는 다 유추가능한 것들이라고 합니다. 아래에 가장 많이 쓰이는 200여개의 동사구를 모아 놓았습니다. 억지로 외우려고 하는 것 보다는 생각날때마다 틈틈히 꺼내보며, 친숙해지면 좋겠죠. 영어를 영어답게 말하기 위해 꼭 알아야 할 동사구! 오늘부터 매일매일, 조금씩 공부해봐요!

동사구의 의미를 배우는 동시에, 그것들을 어떻게 적절히 사용하는지를 배울 필요가 있습니다. 

어떤 동사구들은 직접 목적어(someone/something)를 필요로하는 반면, 다른 것들은 그렇지 않으니까요. 

또 어떤 동사구들은 목적어에 의해 나뉘고, 어떤 것들은 그럴 수 없기도 합니다. 

동사구의 문법은 여기에서 확인하세요. 

시간날때마다 한번씩 꾸준히 봐서 친숙해지도록 만든다면 언젠간 모두 기억하게 될거에요!

		Verb		Meaning	Example
1		ask someone out		invite on a date	Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
2		ask around		ask many people the same question	I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
3		add up to something		equal	Your purchases add up to $205.32.
4		back something up		reverse	You'll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
5		back someone up		support	My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job.
6		blow up		explode	The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
7		blow something up		add air	We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
8		break down		stop functioning (vehicle, machine)	Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
9		break down		get upset	The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
10		break somethingdown		divide into smaller parts	Our teacher broke the final projectdown into three separate parts.
11		break in		force entry to a building	Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo.
12		break into something		enter forcibly	The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
13		break something in		wear something a few times so that it doesn't look/feel new	I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
14		break in		interrupt	The TV station broke in to report the news of the president's death.
15		break up		end a relationship	My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
16		break up		start laughing (informal)	The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking.
17		break out		escape	The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren't looking.
18		break out insomething		develop a skin condition	I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
19		bring someone down		make unhappy	This sad music is bringing me down.
20		bring someone up		raise a child	My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
21		bring something up		start talking about a subject	My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
22		bring something up		vomit	He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet.
23		call around		phone many different places/people	We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed.
24		call someone back		return a phone call	I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
25		call something off		cancel	Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé.
26		call on someone		ask for an answer or opinion	The professor called on me for question 1.
27		call on someone		visit someone	We called on you last night but you weren't home.
28		call someone up		phone	Give me your phone number and I willcall you up when we are in town.
29		calm down		relax after being angry	You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
30		not care forsomeone/something		not like (formal)	I don't care for his behaviour.
31		catch up		get to the same point as someone else	You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
32		check in		arrive and register at a hotel or airport	We will get the hotel keys when wecheck in.
33		check out		leave a hotel	You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.
34		checksomeone/somethingout		look at carefully, investigate	The company checks out all new employees.
35		check outsomeone/something		look at (informal)	Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
36		cheer up		become happier	She cheered up when she heard the good news.
37		cheer someone up		make happier	I brought you some flowers to cheer youup.
38		chip in		help	If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
39		clean something up		tidy, clean	Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
40		come acrosssomething		find unexpectedly	I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
41		come apart		separate	The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
42		come down withsomething		become sick	My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
43		come forward		volunteer for a task or to give evidence	The woman came forward with her husband's finger prints.
44		come fromsomewhere		originate in	The art of origami comes from Asia.
45		count onsomeone/something		rely on	I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
46		cross something out		draw a line through	Please cross out your old address and write your new one.
47		cut back onsomething		consume less	My doctor wants me to cut back onsweets and fatty foods.
48		cut something down		make something fall to the ground	We had to cut the old tree in our yarddown after the storm.
49		cut in		interrupt	Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle.
50		cut in		pull in too closely in front of another vehicle	The bus driver got angry when that carcut in.
51		cut in		start operating (of an engine or electrical device)	The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature gets to 22°C.
52		cut something off		remove with something sharp	The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured.
53		cut something off		stop providing	The phone company cut off our phone because we didn't pay the bill.
54		cut someone off		take out of a will	My grandparents cut my father off when he remarried.
55		cut something out		remove part of something (usually with scissors and paper)	I cut this ad out of the newspaper.
56		dosomeone/somethingover		beat up, ransack (Br.E., informal)	He's lucky to be alive. His shop was done over by a street gang.
57		do something over		do again (N.Amer.)	My teacher wants me to do my essayover because she doesn't like my topic.
58		do away withsomething		discard	It's time to do away with all of these old tax records.
59		do something up		fasten, close	Do your coat up before you go outside. It's snowing!
60		dress up		wear nice clothing	It's a fancy restaurant so we have todress up.
61		drop back		move back in a position/group	Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike.
62		drop in/by/over		come without an appointment	I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime this week.
63		dropsomeone/somethingoff		take someone/something somewhere and leave them/it there	I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over.
64		drop out		quit a class, school etc	I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult.
65		eat out		eat at a restaurant	I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat out.
66		end up		eventually reach/do/decide	We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.
67		fall apart		break into pieces	My new dress fell apart in the washing machine.
68		fall down		fall to the ground	The picture that you hung up last nightfell down this morning.
69		fall out		separate from an interior	The money must have fallen out of my pocket.
70		fall out		(of hair, teeth) become loose and unattached	His hair started to fall out when he was only 35.
71		figure something out		understand, find the answer	I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room.
72		fill something in		to write information in blanks (Br.E.)	Please fill in the form with your name, address, and phone number.
73		fill something out		to write information in blanks (N.Amer.)	The form must be filled out in capital letters.
74		fill something up		fill to the top	I always fill the water jug up when it is empty.
75		find out		discover	We don't know where he lives. How can we find out?
76		find something out		discover	We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but Samantha found it out.
77		get somethingacross/over		communicate, make understandable	I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn't listen.
78		get along/on		like each other	I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on.
79		get around		have mobility	My grandfather can get around fine in his new wheelchair.
80		get away		go on a vacation	We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week.
81		get away withsomething		do without being noticed or punished	Jason always gets away with cheating in his maths tests.
82		get back		return	We got back from our vacation last week.
83		get something back		receive something you had before	Liz finally got her Science notes backfrom my room-mate.
84		get back at someone		retaliate, take revenge	My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my favourite hat.
85		get back intosomething		become interested in something again	I finally got back into my novel and finished it.
86		get on something		step onto a vehicle	We're going to freeze out here if you don't let us get on the bus.
87		get over something		recover from an illness, loss, difficulty	I just got over the flu and now my sister has it.
88		get over something		overcome a problem	The company will have to close if it can'tget over the new regulations.
89		get round tosomething		finally find time to do (N.Amer.:get around to something)	I don't know when I am going to get round to writing the thank you cards.
90		get together		meet (usually for social reasons)	Let's get together for a BBQ this weekend.
91		get up		get out of bed	I got up early today to study for my exam.
92		get up		stand	You should get up and give the elderly man your seat.
93		give someone away		reveal hidden information about someone	His wife gave him away to the police.
94		give someone away		take the bride to the altar	My father gave me away at my wedding.
95		give something away		ruin a secret	My little sister gave the surprise partyaway by accident.
96		give something away		give something to someone for free	The library was giving away old books on Friday.
97		give something back		return a borrowed item	I have to give these skates back to Franz before his hockey game.
98		give in		reluctantly stop fighting or arguing	My boyfriend didn't want to go to the ballet, but he finally gave in.
99		give something out		give to many people (usually at no cost)	They were giving out free perfume samples at the department store.
100		give something up		quit a habit	I am giving up smoking as of January 1st.
101		give up		stop trying	My maths homework was too difficult so Igave up.
102		go after someone		follow someone	My brother tried to go after the thief in his car.
103		go after something		try to achieve something	I went after my dream and now I am a published writer.
104		go against someone		compete, oppose	We are going against the best soccer team in the city tonight.
105		go ahead		start, proceed	Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold.
106		go back		return to a place	I have to go back home and get my lunch.
107		go out		leave home to go on a social event	We're going out for dinner tonight.
108		go out with someone		date	Jesse has been going out with Luke since they met last winter.
109		go over something		review	Please go over your answers before you submit your test.
110		go over		visit someone nearby	I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I think I'll go over for an hour or two.
111		go withoutsomething		suffer lack or deprivation	When I was young, we went withoutwinter boots.
112		grow apart		stop being friends over time	My best friend and I grew apart after she changed schools.
113		grow back		regrow	My roses grew back this summer.
114		grow up		become an adult	When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman.
115		grow out ofsomething		get too big for	Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she has grown out of her old ones.
116		grow into something		grow big enough to fit	This bike is too big for him now, but he should grow into it by next year.
117		hand somethingdown		give something used to someone else	I handed my old comic books down to my little cousin.
118		hand something in		submit	I have to hand in my essay by Friday.
119		hand something out		to distribute to a group of people	We will hand out the invitations at the door.
120		hand something over		give (usually unwillingly)	The police asked the man to hand overhis wallet and his weapons.
121		hang in		stay positive (N.Amer., informal)	Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a job very soon.
122		hang on		wait a short time (informal)	Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!
123		hang out		spend time relaxing (informal)	Instead of going to the party we are just going to hang out at my place.
124		hang up		end a phone call	He didn't say goodbye before he hung up.
125		holdsomeone/somethingback		prevent from doing/going	I had to hold my dog back because there was a cat in the park.
126		hold something back		hide an emotion	Jamie held back his tears at his grandfather's funeral.
127		hold on		wait a short time	Please hold on while I transfer you to the Sales Department.
128		hold ontosomeone/something		hold firmly using your hands or arms	Hold onto your hat because it's very windy outside.
129		holdsomeone/somethingup		rob	A man in a black mask held the bank upthis morning.
130		keep on doingsomething		continue doing	Keep on stirring until the liquid comes to a boil.
131		keep something fromsomeone		not tell	We kept our relationship from our parents for two years.
132		keepsomeone/somethingout		stop from entering	Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room.
133		keep something up		continue at the same rate	If you keep those results up you will get into a great college.
134		let someone down		fail to support or help, disappoint	I need you to be on time. Don't let medown this time.
135		let someone in		allow to enter	Can you let the cat in before you go to school?
136		log in (or on)		sign in (to a website, database etc)	I can't log in to Facebook because I've forgotten my password.
137		log out (or off)		sign out (of a website, database etc)	If you don't log off somebody could get into your account.
138		look aftersomeone/something		take care of	I have to look after my sick grandmother.
139		look down onsomeone		think less of, consider inferior	Ever since we stole that chocolate bar your dad has looked down on me.
140		look forsomeone/something		try to find	I'm looking for a red dress for the wedding.
141		look forward tosomething		be excited about the future	I'm looking forward to the Christmas break.
142		look into something		investigate	We are going to look into the price of snowboards today.
143		look out		be careful, vigilant, and take notice	Look out! That car's going to hit you!
145		look out forsomeone/something		be especially vigilant for	Don't forget to look out for snakes on the hiking trail.
146		look something over		check, examine	Can you look over my essay for spelling mistakes?
147		look something up		search and find information in a reference book or database	We can look her phone number up on the Internet.
148		look up to someone		have a lot of respect for	My little sister has always looked up to me.
149		make something up		invent, lie about something	Josie made up a story about why we were late.
150		make up		forgive each other	We were angry last night, but we made up at breakfast.
151		make someone up		apply cosmetics to	My sisters made me up for my graduation party.
152		mix something up		confuse two or more things	I mixed up the twins' names again!
153		pass away		die	His uncle passed away last night after a long illness.
154		pass out		faint	It was so hot in the church that an elderly lady passed out.
155		pass something out		give the same thing to many people	The professor passed the textbooks outbefore class.
156		pass something up		decline (usually something good)	I passed up the job because I am afraid of change.
157		pay someone back		return owed money	Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll pay youback on Friday.
158		pay for something		be punished for doing something bad	That bully will pay for being mean to my little brother.
159		pick something out		choose	I picked out three sweaters for you to try on.
160		pointsomeone/somethingout		indicate with your finger	I'll point my boyfriend out when he runs by.
161		put something down		put what you are holding on a surface or floor	You can put the groceries down on the kitchen counter.
162		put someone down		insult, make someone feel stupid	The students put the substitute teacherdown because his pants were too short.
163		put something off		postpone	We are putting off our trip until January because of the hurricane.
164		put something out		extinguish	The neighbours put the fire out before the firemen arrived.
165		put somethingtogether		assemble	I have to put the crib together before the baby arrives.
166		put up withsomeone/something		tolerate	I don't think I can put up with three small children in the car.
167		put something on		put clothing/accessories on your body	Don't forget to put on your new earrings for the party.
168		run intosomeone/something		meet unexpectedly	I ran into an old school-friend at the mall.
169		run oversomeone/something		drive a vehicle over a person or thing	I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the driveway.
170		run over/throughsomething		rehearse, review	Let's run over/through these lines one more time before the show.
171		run away		leave unexpectedly, escape	The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days.
172		run out		have none left	We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap.
173		send something back		return (usually by mail)	My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp.
174		set something up		arrange, organize	Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company.
175		set someone up		trick, trap	The police set up the car thief by using a hidden camera.
176		shop around		compare prices	I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots.
177		show off		act extra special for people watching (usually boastfully)	He always shows off on his skateboard
178		sleep over		stay somewhere for the night (informal)	You should sleep over tonight if the weather is too bad to drive home.
179		sort something out		organize, resolve a problem	We need to sort the bills out before the first of the month.
180		stick to something		continue doing something, limit yourself to one particular thing	You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.
181		switch something off		stop the energy flow, turn off	The light's too bright. Could you switchit off.
182		switch something on		start the energy flow, turn on	We heard the news as soon as weswitched on the car radio.
183		take after someone		resemble a family member	I take after my mother. We are both impatient.
184		take something apart		purposely break into pieces	He took the car brakes apart and found the problem.
185		take something back		return an item	I have to take our new TV back because it doesn't work.
186		take off		start to fly	My plane takes off in five minutes.
187		take something off		remove something (usually clothing)	Take off your socks and shoes and come in the lake!
188		take something out		remove from a place or thing	Can you take the garbage out to the street for me?
189		take someone out		pay for someone to go somewhere with you	My grandparents took us out for dinner and a movie.
190		tear something up		rip into pieces	I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters and gave them back to him.
191		think back		remember (often + to, sometimes + on)	When I think back on my youth, I wish I had studied harder.
192		think something over		consider	I'll have to think this job offer overbefore I make my final decision.
193		throw somethingaway		dispose of	We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery.
194		turn something down		decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc)	Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.
195		turn something down		refuse	I turned the job down because I don't want to move.
196		turn something off		stop the energy flow, switch off	Your mother wants you to turn the TVoff and come for dinner.
197		turn something on		start the energy, switch on	It's too dark in here. Let's turn some lights on.
198		turn something up		increase the volume or strength (heat, light etc)	Can you turn the music up? This is my favourite song.
199		turn up		appear suddenly	Our cat turned up after we put posters up all over the neighbourhood.
200		try something on		sample clothing	I'm going to try these jeans on, but I don't think they will fit.
201		try something out		test	I am going to try this new brand of detergent out.
202		use something up		finish the supply	The kids used all of the toothpaste up so we need to buy some more.
203		wake up		stop sleeping	We have to wake up early for work on Monday.
204		warmsomeone/somethingup		increase the temperature	You can warm your feet up in front of the fireplace.
205		warm up		prepare body for exercise	I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run.
206		wear off		fade away	Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the party.
207		work out		exercise	I work out at the gym three times a week.
208		work out		be successful	Our plan worked out fine.
209		work something out		make a calculation	We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.

Br.E.: British English; N.Amer.: North American 

[출처]  http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm